Alkaline batteries - voltages, sizes, specifications

The popular name of this type of battery comes from the alkaline (alkaline) solutions used in them as an electrolyte. Introduced to the market in the early 1960s, alkaline batteries quickly gained popularity, becoming the most important competitor to zinc-carbon batteries - this trend has been especially visible recently, with the growing popularity of devices with high power consumption.

Basic facts:

• Anode: Zinc powder
• cathode: manganese dioxide (MnO2) powder
• electrolyte: potassium hydroxide (KOH)
• applications: devices with medium current consumption (100-300mA) - portable tape recorders, portable CD players, flashlights, cameras; devices with high current consumption (over 300mA) - electronic notebooks, cordless phones, shavers, electronic games, digital cameras

Alkaline batteries are characterized by better parameters than zinc-carbon batteries - higher energy density, longer shelf life, resistance to leakage, better performance both in continuous and intermittent operation, lower internal resistance allowing for higher power consumption and operation in a wider temperature range.

Alkaline batteries contain powdered zinc – this increases the surface area of the anode, allowing for more interaction between the molecules. This reduces the internal resistance of the battery, and increases the energy density. Synthetic manganese dioxide is used, characterized by better parameters than naturally occurring MnO2 - this increases the energy density. As in zinc-carbon batteries, graphite is added to the cathode to increase its conductivity. The electrolyte (KOH) provides increased ion conduction. Often, zinc oxide is added to slow down the zinc corrosion of the anode.

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